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Digital Utilities

Data size, bandwidth, streaming, display, and DPI calculators.

Digital engineering utilities — data storage & backup sizing, compression ratio, internet-speed converter, download/upload/streaming bandwidth, aspect ratio, screen resolution, DPI/PPI, and print/image dimensions. SI + binary units with plain-English reports.

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FAQ

About Digital Utilities.

SI (kB) or binary (KiB) — which do you use?

Both. Every converter accepts SI (kB, MB, GB) and IEC binary (KiB, MiB, GiB). You pick the units and we handle the base-1000 vs base-1024 math correctly.

How do you estimate download & upload time?

t = (bytes × 8) / (bandwidth × (1 − overhead)). You control the overhead % to account for TCP framing, retransmits, and real-world losses. Default overhead is 10%.

What bitrate defaults do you use for streaming?

Industry-typical values (Mbps): audio 0.128 / 0.32; SD video 3; HD 720p 5; FHD 1080p 8; 4K 25; 8K 80. Multiply by concurrent viewers for total egress bandwidth.

How is PPI/DPI calculated for a screen?

PPI = √(width² + height²) / diagonal inches — the standard ISO definition. This works for any monitor, phone, or tablet.